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Private limited Company

  • Separate legal identity and limited liability protection
  • Easier to raise funds through investors, venture capital, or banks
  • Perpetual succession – business continues despite change in ownership
  • Recognized and trusted business structure in India and abroad
  • Eligible for Startup India, tax exemptions, and government benefits
  • Ownership can be easily transferred by selling shares
  • Enables easier equity funding and structured ownership transfer.
  • Supports scalable growth through regulated corporate governance.
  • Improves eligibility for tenders, contracts, and institutional opportunities.

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Experience Icon

7 Years

Of Experience

Cases Solved Icon

3622 +

Cases Solved

Awards Gained Icon

10 +

Awards Gained

Trusted Clients Icon

144 k +

Trusted Clients

Queries Solved Icon

36 k+

Queries Solved

Experience Icon

7 Years

Of Experience

Cases Solved Icon

3622 +

Cases Solved

Awards Gained Icon

10 +

Awards Gained

Trusted Clients Icon

144 k +

Trusted Clients

Queries Solved Icon

36 k+

Queries Solved

Experience Icon

7 Years

Of Experience

Cases Solved Icon

3622 +

Cases Solved

Awards Gained Icon

10 +

Awards Gained

Trusted Clients Icon

144 k +

Trusted Clients

Queries Solved Icon

36 k+

Queries Solved

Overview

Introduction

A Private Limited Company (Pvt Ltd) is the most preferred business structure for startups and growing businesses in India. It is registered under the Companies Act, 2013 and regulated by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).

A Private Limited Company has a separate legal entity, meaning the company’s existence is distinct from its owners (shareholders). The liability of shareholders is limited to the amount invested in shares, offering personal asset protection.

This structure is ideal for entrepreneurs, startups, and SMEs aiming to raise funding, build brand credibility, and operate with limited liability.

Why You Should Register

Registering as a Private Limited Company offers numerous benefits:
  • Legal recognition and better business credibility with clients, vendors, and investors.
  • Limited liability ensures personal assets are not at risk.
  • Ease in fundraising through equity shares or venture capital.
  • Ownership flexibility — easy to transfer shares.
  • Perpetual existence — company continues even after the owner’s death.
  • Eligibility for Startup India registration, tax benefits, and government schemes.

Compliance and Taxation

  • Must comply with the Companies Act, 2013, and file annual returns with the Registrar of Companies (ROC).
  • Maintain books of accounts, conduct annual audits, and file Income Tax Returns.
  • Taxed at a flat 25% for companies with turnover up to ₹400 crore, plus surcharge and cess.
  • GST registration mandatory if turnover exceeds the threshold or interstate trade is involved.
  • Other compliance includes board meetings, annual general meetings (AGMs), and ROC filings (AOC-4, MGT-7).

Registration Type

  • PAN & TAN (Company)
  • GST Registration
  • Udyam (MSME) Registration
  • Professional Tax Registration
  • Current Bank Account

Purpose

  • For income tax and TDS purposes
  • For tax compliance and invoicing
  • For government incentives and benefits
  • Applicable in certain states
  • For financial operations

When You Should Convert

You may consider converting your Private Limited Company to a Public Limited Company or LLP when:
  • You want to raise funds publicly or issue shares to a large number of investors.
  • You plan to expand your business internationally.
  • You want to offer employee stock options (ESOPs) or list on a stock exchange.

Documents Required

Documents
  • 1 PAN Card and Aadhaar Card of all directors and shareholders
  • 2 Passport-size photographs
  • 3 Proof of registered office (electricity bill, rent agreement, and NOC from owner)
  • 4 Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) of all directors
  • 5 Director Identification Number (DIN)
  • 6 Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA)
  • 7 Declaration and consent from directors (INC-9 and DIR-2)

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Advantages and Limitations

Advantages
  • Separate legal identity
    Separate legal identity
  • Limited liability of shareholders
    Limited liability of shareholders
  • Easy to raise funds
    Easy to raise funds
  • Perpetual succession
    Perpetual succession
  • Builds brand trust and credibility
    Builds brand trust and credibility
Limitations
  • Higher compliance and cost of maintenance
    Higher compliance and cost of maintenance
  • Restrictions on share transfer
    Restrictions on share transfer
  • Annual ROC filings and audit mandatory
    Annual ROC filings and audit mandatory
  • Directors’ responsibilities and penalties for non-compliance
    Directors’ responsibilities and penalties for non-compliance
  • Minimum 2 shareholders and directors required
    Minimum 2 shareholders and directors required

Comparison

Particulars Private Limited Company LLP (Limited Liability Partnership) Partnership Firm
Minimum Members 2 2 2
Maximum Members 200 No limit 20
Liability Limited to share capital Limited to contribution Unlimited
Legal Status Separate legal entity Separate legal entity Not separate
Compliance High Moderate Low
Tax Treatment Flat 25% Flat 30% Flat 30%
Audit Requirement Mandatory Based on turnover Based on turnover
Fundraising Easier (via shares) Moderate Limited
Ownership Transfer Freely transferable Restricted Restricted
Perpetual Succession Yes Yes No
Cost of Formation Moderate to High Moderate Low
Best Suited For Startups and growing businesses Professionals and SMEs Small traditional firms

FAQs

What is a Private Limited Company?

A Private Limited Company is a legally registered business entity with limited liability and a separate legal identity, governed by the Companies Act, 2013.

How many members are required to start a Private Limited Company?
Is audit mandatory for a Private Limited Company?
What is the tax rate for a Private Limited Company in India?
Can a Private Limited Company raise funds?
Can a Private Limited Company be converted into another entity?
What are the annual compliances for a Private Limited Company?
Is a private limited company a separate legal entity?
Is there a minimum capital requirement?
Can a private limited company be converted into another structure?

Why Partner With ARK?

A seamless blend of technology and Chartered Accountant expertise to simplify your business registration.

Comprehensive Tax Services

From GST to income tax, we ensure timely and accurate filings with end-to-end support.

Financial Strategy

We help businesses plan, grow, and manage finances effectively through customized consulting.

ARK Advisor Expert
Startup & MSME Support

Right from business registration to ROC compliance, we assist MSMEs at every stage.

Experienced CA Team

Led by Chartered Accountants with deep domain expertise and industry-specific experience.

What Our Clients Say

Discover what our satisfied clients have to say about their experience working with us

Sandeep Reddy
Founder, Retail Trading Business
" ARK Advisors made our audit process smooth and stress-free. Clear checklist, timely follow-ups, and very practical guidance. "
Anusha Sharma
Partner, Professional Services Firm
" Their team quickly identified compliance gaps and suggested actionable fixes. Reporting was crisp and easy for management to understand. "
Rohit Kulkarni
CFO, Manufacturing Unit
" We got strong process recommendations and control improvements. The audit insights genuinely helped us reduce leakage and improve discipline. "
Meghana Rao
Director, Startup
" Professional, responsive, and very transparent. They explained everything in simple terms and kept the entire process on schedule. "
Imran Khan
Owner, Hospitality Business
" The team ensured our documentation was audit-ready and supported us throughout. Great experience and strong attention to detail. "

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